학습 004: 완전한
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주인: 아담 Menon/Kirin 양
Kirin: Dàjiā hǎo . Wǒ shì Kirin .
아담: ChineseLearnOnline.com의 학습 4에 환영하십시오. 오늘 우리는 국가, 국적 및 그들의 언어에 대해서 이야기해 우리가 어디 학습 3에서 그만둔지 계속하기 위하여 려고 하고 있다. 우리는 지금 시도하고 우리가 이제까지는 알고 있는 무엇을 조립하기 위하여 려고 하고 있다. 우리는 "나가" 이고 약간 국가의 이름을 말하는 우리가 방법을 알고 있다는 것을 말하는 방법을 알고 있다. 이렇게 마음에서 저것과, 당신은 어떻게 "나를 인가 영어" 말할는가 것입니다?
아담: 좋은, 나는 당신이 저것을 맞았던 얻었다는 것을 희망한다. 또 다른 것을 시도하자. 하고자 한 방법 당신은 "말하기위하여이다 중국어 당신?"
Kirin: Nǐ shì Zhōngguórén ma?
아담: 당신이 볼 수 있던 대로, 추가 ma 끝에 질문으로 계산서를 돈다. 오늘, 우리는 질문 어떤을 예, 아니오 시도하고 응답하기 위하여 려고 하고 있다. 지금 중국어로 1개의 큰 다름은,' `' `아니오를 위한 그렇습니다 결정적인 낱말이 없다 이다 그래서 그런 질문에 응답할 때 당신은 특정한 통어론을 따라야 한다. 지금 당신이 "그렇습니다에서 것과 같이 긍정하고 싶었던 경우에, 나는 중국어 이다," 당신은으로 응답할 것입니다:
Kirin: Shì, wǒ shì Zhōngguórén .
아담: 당신이 볼 수 있던 대로 지금, 거기 새로운 낱말이 없다. 우리는 차별 수정에서 문제의 동사를 다시 말해서 응답한다 - 이 경우에는" 일 것이다 동사 "또는이다 shì . 이렇게 여기에서 대답은 그렇습니다 의미한다 ", 나 이다 중국어." 또 다른 것을 시도하자. 나가 캐나다 말지 이면 질문하십시오.
Kirin: Nǐ shì Jiānádàrén ma?
아담: 이렇게 당신이 `를 그렇습니다 응답하고 싶었던 경우에,' 당신은 말할 것입니다:
Kirin: Shì, wǒ shì Jiānádàrén .
아담: 지금, 우리는 확실히 간단하게 인 네거티브에 사용된 낱말을 배울 것이다
Kirin: Bù
아담: 저것은 때때로 사용한 일어나는 음색으로 회전이더라도, 내리는 음색이다.
Kirin: Bù
아담: 추가해서 bù 동사의 앞에, 당신은 그것을 부정한다. 이렇게 질문을 "질문하자 이다 영국 당신은?"
Kirin: Nǐ shì Yīngguórén ma?
아담: 우리가 말할 네거티브에서 응답하기 위하여:
Kirin: Bú shì . Wǒ bú shì Yīngguórén .
Adam: On our website, in the Premium lesson notes for lesson 4 you’ll find several more examples using this structure. Let’s now learn a couple of new verbs. The first one is…
Kirin: Huì
Adam: This is a falling tone.
Kirin: Huì
Adam: Now the verb huì means “to be able to do something.” We’ll use it in a moment. The other verb I want to introduce is:
Kirin: Shuō
Adam: This is a high tone.
Kirin: Shuō
Adam: The verb shuō means “to speak.” So putting these two verbs together, we get:
Adam: …which means “to be able to speak.” So with that in mind, can you guess what this next question means?
Kirin: Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma?
Adam: Again?
Kirin: Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma?
Adam: So by the ma at the end, we know that it’s a question – and in fact the question translates to “Can you speak Chinese?” Now knowing what we know about how we answer such questions how would you answer that question in the affirmative?
Kirin: Huì . Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén .
Adam: And how would you reply “No, I can’t speak Chinese”?
Kirin: Bú huì . Wǒ bú huì shuō Zhōngwén .
Adam: Now perhaps as beginners, your current answer to the question of “Can you speak Chinese?” may be ‘no,’ but we hope to change that over time. So to build up your confidence, perhaps you would like to answer with “I can speak a little.” How do we say “a little”?
Kirin: Yīdiǎn
Adam: That’s a high tone followed by a falling rising tone.
Kirin: Yīdiǎn
Adam: So how would you say “I can speak a little”?
Adam: Great, so let’s do some practice with the vocabulary we have learned. First, I’ll ask you to translate the following from English to Chinese. Please try this by yourself before listening to the answer.
Are you Australian?
Adam: No, I am American.
Kirin: Bú shì , wǒ shì Měiguórén .
Adam: Can you speak French?
Adam: No I can’t. I can speak English.
Kirin: Bú huì . Wǒ huì shuō Yīngwén .
Adam: Good, we’ll now teach the possessive particle. We know how to say ‘I’:
Kirin: Wǒ
Adam: How do we say ‘my’?
Kirin: Wǒde
Adam: So you can see how easy that is. Just add the neutral tone de and you get the possessive. Similarly, to say ‘your’ we can say:
Kirin: Nǐde
Adam: Good, I think you can see how easy that is and how it extends to other pronouns. A more detailed list can be found in the lesson notes for Lesson 4 on our website. Now based on what you’ve learned, what do you think the following sentence means?
Kirin: Nǐ Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo .
Adam: This one may be a little tricky but if you look at the literal translation you might figure it out. “You Chinese speak’s very good.” Basically, that means “Your Chinese is very good.” You could use that same construction to tell someone their English was very good too.
While it is not our goal to go into too much detail on the grammar usage in Chinese, the basic reason why we say “you Chinese” here and not “your Chinese” is that when you have multiple occurrences of de in a sentence, the first ones are sometimes omitted. As an example in English, I could say “Kirin’s brother’s cat” whereas in Chinese that might become “Kirin brother’s cat.” Since there is already a de after shuō , it isn’t used after nǐ .
Again our whole manner of teaching on this site is similar to how we learn our native language by just imitating the speech we hear around us and picking up the grammar as we go along.
Now, just as a culture note, I’ve noticed that even if you just say something simple in Chinese, such as xièxie nǐ , they tend to get very excited and will often compliment your Chinese in the above manner. So Kirin if this happens, as it inevitably will if you keep following along in our podcast, what’s the best way to answer?
Kirin: I think you can just say thank you. Xièxie .
Adam: Great. Now let’s look at if you just wanted to tell someone “I’m sorry, my Chinese isn’t very good.” First, we need the word for “I’m sorry.” It’s actually the same word they use for “excuse me.” How do we say that, Kirin?
Kirin: Duìbuqǐ .
Adam: So it’s actually three words. The first two use falling tones and the last word uses a falling rising tone. Let’s hear it again.
Kirin: Duìbuqǐ .
Adam: So that means “I’m sorry” or “excuse me.”
Now to say “My Chinese isn’t good,” you actually have all the vocabulary necessary to say that. Let’s see if we can put it together.
Kirin: Wǒ Zhōngwén shuō de bù hǎo .
Adam: Again.
Kirin: Wǒ Zhōngwén shuō de bù hǎo .
Adam: Great, so lots of new words and phrases today. That brings us to an end to lesson four of ChineseLearnOnline.com. Don’t worry – we’ll be reviewing it all in future lessons. Xièxiè dà jiā .
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
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