Les 003: Volledig
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Beweeg uw muiswijzer over om het even welke Chinese woorden of uitdrukkingen om een vertaling te krijgen.
Gastheren: Adam Menon/Kirin Yang
Adam: Hello is iedereen, mijn naam Adam en heet in les 3 van ChineseLearnOnline.com welkom.
Kirin: Nǐ hǎo . Mijn naam is Kirin.
Adam: Voor lessenafschriften en andere hulpmiddelen om u te helpen Chinees leren, te bezoeken gelieve onze website in ChineseLearnOnline.com. Nu begin met een overzicht door het hebben van een zeer eenvoudig gesprek gebruikend enkele woordenschat die in Les Twee wordt onderwezen.
Kirin: Nǐ hǎo .
Coco: Nǐ hǎo .
Kirin: Nǐ hǎo ma?
Coco: Wǒ hěn hǎo . Xièxie .
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
Coco: Zàijiàn .
Adam: Hǎo . Hopelijk kon u volgen. Nu, enkel voor het geval dat u vergat ga ik het woord gebruiken hǎo van tijd tot tijd in de o.k. context van `.' Zoals wij voordien hebben gezegd, waar mogelijk gelieve te proberen om de woorden te herhalen aangezien u hen uit of hardop of in uw mening hoort. Het is zeer belangrijk om de tonen precies te herhalen aangezien u hen vooral in deze vroege stadia hoort, aangezien dat dingen veel gemakkelijker zal maken aangezien u gaat.
Nu wij het weten hoe te om `te zeggen hello,' wat als ik „Hello iedereen“ wilde zeggen of „Hello iedereen“? Hoe zou ik dat zeggen?
Adam: Opnieuw.
Adam: Hǎo zodat breek dat beneden. Dit is interesserend één. Er zijn hier drie woorden, twee waarvan nieuw zijn.
Eerste is dà welke een dalende toon is. Dà grote middelen `.' Het tweede woord was jiā welke een hoge toon was. Jiā middelen `huis' of familie `,' en het laatste woord wij allen onderhand zouden moeten kennen hǎo welk middelen`goed.'
Zo zettend die drie brengen wij „groot familiegoed samen.“ Zo in deze context de „grote familie“ of „mijn zeer uitgebreide familie“ betekenen… „iedereen!“ Zo door „goed iedereen te zeggen“ u zegt eigenlijk „Hello iedereen!“
Adam: Zoals wij in onze laatste les zeiden, waar mogelijk proberen wij en splitsen de betekenissen van woorden in hun letterlijke definities op om u te helpen te weten komen en hoe deze woorden en uitdrukkingen worden geconstrueerd u te helpen dingen op uw reconstrueren. I find that it also helps in memory to translate these words into something tangible to help you remember them.
So we’ll continue on with a very simple introduction – “I am Adam.” How would I say that, Kirin?
Adam: Hǎo , so let’s analyze that. We have wǒ , which means ‘I.’ Then we have a new word shì . That’s a falling tone and is the verb ‘to be’ followed by ‘Adam,’ which is of course my English name.
Adam: Now one nice thing about Chinese is you don’t have to worry about conjugations of verbs. So in English you’d have “I am,” “you are,” “he or she is”. In Chinese you just use the verb shì . Now we already know the words for I, you and he or she so that gives us again… “I am.”
Adam: “You are.”
Adam: “He or she is.”
Adam: Great. So moving along, usually during introductions people want to know where you’re from, so let’s look at some popular countries. Let’s start with America:
Kirin: Měiguó .
Adam: So that’s a falling rising tone followed by a rising tone. Again please?
Kirin: Měiguó .
Adam: Now měi means ‘beautiful’ and guó means ‘country’ so the literal translation for ‘America’ in Chinese is actually “beautiful country.”
Kirin: Měiguó
Adam: Isn’t that interesting? Let’s do another one: China
Kirin: Zhōngguó .
Adam: So that’s a high tone followed by a rising tone.
Kirin: Zhōngguó .
Adam: Now this actually ends up meaning “middle country” which makes sense since that’s where the Chinese language originates.
Kirin: Zhōngguó .
Adam: Now the names of many countries in Chinese end in guó meaning “country.” In some cases there is a literal meaning as in the case of China or America. In other cases though, the Chinese version is just a transliteration of the English name into Chinese characters. For example, how would you say Canada?
Kirin: Jiānádà .
Adam: So that’s a high, rising and a falling tone for the three words there.
Kirin: Jiānádà .
Adam: In this case there is no sense in forming a literal meaning since there isn’t one – it’s just meant to sound like the English name ‘Canada.’
Kirin: Jiānádà .
Adam: Let’s do another one – England
Kirin: Yīngguó .
Adam: That’s a high tone Yīng followed by guó .
Kirin: Yīngguó .
Adam: How about France?
Kirin: Fàguó .
Adam: So that’s a falling tone followed by the rising tone for guó . Now depending on where you are, you may also hear it pronounced as:
Kirin: Fǎguó .
Adam: …which is a falling rising tone followed by a rising tone. Now in many languages, especially one like Chinese that is spoken by many people around the world, you can expect to hear differences in dialect. However, don’t worry – just as it’s possible for someone from America to easily communicate with someone from England or Australia despite differences in speech, in general the vocabulary and manner of speech you hear can easily be used anywhere where Mandarin Chinese is spoken. So let’s continue with our countries - how about Australia?
Kirin: Àozhōu .
Adam: So that’s a falling tone and a high tone.
Kirin: Àozhōu .
Adam: Now in the case of Australia they don’t use guó for ‘country,’ they use zhōu which actually means ‘continent,’ so it has its own special name! Now of course we recognize that there are a lot of countries out there and we do have listeners from different parts of the world, so on our website ChineseLearnOnline.com under our “Lesson three Premium notes,” we do have a listing of other popular countries and their Chinese equivalents. If there is one that you’d like to know that isn’t on the list, send us a comment and we’ll gladly add it.
Now knowing the word in Chinese for a country allows you easy access to some other useful vocabulary. How would you say ‘American’?
Kirin: Měiguórén .
Adam: As you can see, this is the name of the country with a rising tone rén added to the end of it.
Kirin: Měiguórén .
Adam: Rén means ‘person’ so by saying Měiguórén you are literally saying “America person” or ‘American.’
Kirin: Měiguórén .
Adam: Similarly, to say a ‘Chinese person’ you would say:
Kirin: Zhōngguórén .
Adam: How about Canadian?
Kirin: Jiānádàrén .
Adam: Someone from Britain.
Kirin: Yīngguórén .
Adam: And so on. Now by knowing the country, you can also come up with the names of some languages. How do you say the “Chinese language”?
Kirin: Zhōngwén .
Adam: So here you have Zhōng from Zhōngguó with a rising tone wén added after it.
Kirin: Zhōngwén .
Adam: That gives us the language spoken in Zhōngguó – Chinese. Similarly, for ‘English’ we would say:
Kirin: Yīngwén .
Adam: …which is the language from Yīngguó – English. Again take a look at the Premium lesson notes for lesson three on our website to see various countries, their people and their languages.
I think that’s a lot of new information for today. We’ll be building upon it in our next lesson so take the time to review all of it by listening to this podcast again or by reviewing the transcript on our website ChineseLearnOnline.com. Xièxie dàjiā !
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