Les 002: Volledig
Volledig afschrift voor ChineseLearnOnline Les 002
Luister aan les:
Spel in PopupGastheren: Adam Menon/Kirin Yang
Beweeg uw muiswijzer over om het even welke Chinese woorden of uitdrukkingen om een vertaling te krijgen.
Adam: Hello, is mijn naam Adam.
Kirin: En ik ben Kirin.
Adam: En wij zijn blij dat u binnen aan ChineseLearnOnline.com stemde waar wij hopen om uw Chinese tegelijkertijd te verbeteren les. Dit is les twee van onze reeks. In onze lessen laatste tijd introduceerden wij de vier tonen aan u in Chinees. Als u niet vertrouwd met hen bent, moedigen wij u aan aan les één opnieuw luisteren om een handvat op hen te krijgen. Enkel als overzicht hoewel Kirin, waarom u hen niet aan ons opnieuw geeft, gebruikend een verschillend voorbeeld. Nu waren er vier tonen. De eerste was een hoge toon…
Adam: Tweede één was de toenemende toon.
Adam: Wij hadden toen de dalende toenemende toon.
Adam: En ten slotte hadden wij de dalende toon.
Adam: Groot, nu wij onze tonen hebben beheerst, beweeg me op wat nuttige woordenschat.
Voor die van u die nieuwere generatie gebruiken iPODS of MP3 spelers die lyrische gedichten kunnen lezen, hebben wij korte lessensamenvattingen met onze podcasts omvat. Zo door de knoop van het centrumwiel op uw iPOD te duwen of lyrische gedichten of beschrijvingen op uw mp3 spelers te bekijken, kunt u onze lessensamenvatting kunnen zien terwijl u luistert. Als u meer gedetailleerde nota's wilt, te bezoeken gelieve onze website. Wij proberen om u van zo vele hulpmiddelen te voorzien aangezien wij in uw het leren kunnen helpen.
Nu ben ik zeker het eerste ding dat om het even wie wil weten wanneer het leren van een nieuwe taal is hoe te `te zeggen hello.' Zo hoe zegt u `hello' in Chinees, Kirin?
Adam: Groot, nu enkel een nota over hoe wij dingen rond hier doen. U zult heel wat pauzes tijdens mijn gesprek met Kirin opmerken - vooral nadat zij nieuwe woorden uitspreekt of wanneer ik haar vragen stel. Dit wordt gedaan op doel u, onze luisteraar, in kwestie krijgen. Ik moedig u aan hoogst om de tonen te proberen en uit te kiezen zij gebruikt en probeer om hen na haar te herhalen. As well, when I ask Kirin a question there will usually be a pause in there so you the listener can try and come up with the answer first before she does. As we said in our previous lesson, if you can sound out the words out aloud, please do so and if not, then please try and do so in your head. So again to say ‘hello’ in Chinese, there are two words here and two tones – listen and try to distinguish what tones they are. So again, Kirin – ‘hello.’
Adam: Ok, so the first word was a falling rising tone and the second word was also a falling rising tone.
Adam: Let’s look at the literal meaning. The nǐ means ‘you.’ And the hǎo means ‘good.’ So when you say nǐ hǎo in Chinese, you’re actually wishing someone “you good.” Isn’t that interesting? So there are two important words we’ve learned today - the word for ‘you’ - nǐ and the word for ‘good’ hǎo and if you put them together you get nǐ hǎo which means ‘hello!’ You’ll find that a lot in Chinese. When common words are put together they can represent very different meanings and that’s what we hope to teach you during our podcast lessons. As well, we find that breaking down the meanings of individual words helps in learning so you understand how phrases are constructed in Chinese.
Now, hǎo is a very useful word in Chinese because it is also used in the context of ‘ok.’ So many times in conversation you’ll hear people reply with hǎo meaning ‘ok.’
Shall we continue, Kirin?
Kirin: Hǎo .
Adam: Great. As we teach new vocabulary, we’ll try and use them in context to get you in the habit or learning its usage. In future lessons, if you hear us use a word you’re not familiar with, you can check on our website in the Course outline section, where you can hunt down the word in the current lesson and find out which lesson it was first introduced in. Our goal is to make sure that every Chinese word we use here is taught and understood, so this way we hope you won’t be left behind. Ok?
Kirin: Hǎo .
Adam: Hǎo . Now when someone says Nǐ hǎo to you, what is the standard response?
Adam: So basically you just repeat it back to them as you would if they were saying ‘hello’ to you. So let’s try that.
Adam: Nǐ hǎo . Just like that – excellent. Let’s move on to “How are you?” How would you ask that?
Adam: Now you’ll notice that that’s quite similar to saying ‘hello’ except we’ve added a ma at the end.
Adam: Now ma actually doesn’t have a tone – it’s what we call a neutral tone. It’s what we use to turn a statement into a question. So if the literal translation of Nǐ hǎo means “you good,” Nǐ hǎo ma is a question so it’s asking “Are you good?” And that’s what is used to ask “How are you?”.
Adam: Now a culture note here - whereas in English we often ask someone “How are you?” or “How are you doing?” quite often and quite casually, in Chinese Nǐ hǎo ma? is only used when you really want to know how someone is doing. Usually it’s when you meet someone you haven’t seen in a long time. Now getting back to my usage of hǎo to mean ‘ok,’ I could also use hǎo ma? to mean ‘ok?’ as in asking for your approval or agreement. So Kirin if I ask you hǎo ma? what would you say?
Kirin: Hǎo .
Adam: Good, she agrees. Now let’s continue. What is the standard response to Nǐ hǎo ma?
Adam: Hǎo , so we have a couple of new words here that we can look at. The first one is wǒ . That’s also a falling rising tone. Wǒ means ‘I’ or ‘me.’
The next one is hěn which is also a falling rising tone. Hěn means ‘very,’
although it has a less intense meaning than the ‘very’ in English so you tend to use it a lot more often in Chinese than you would use ‘very’ in English. The last word which we’ve seen before is hǎo which means ‘good.’
So putting those three words together wǒ hěn hǎo , we get… “I’m very good.”
Adam: So actually if you can get past the difference in tones between Chinese and English, the actual syntax and grammar is a lot simpler in Chinese than it is in English. Once you figure out this basic syntax, it’s a lot easier to translate phrases to other contexts. For example we now know the word for ‘you’ which is…
Kirin: Nǐ .
Adam: We also know ‘I’:
Kirin: Wǒ .
Adam: How about the word for ‘he’ or ‘she’?
Kirin: Tā .
Adam: Again…
Kirin: Tā .
Adam: Now our listeners should recognize that as a high tone. The word for ‘he’ and ‘she’ is the same in Chinese so you have to distinguish between male and female from the context. If I was pointing at a man when I said tā , you’d know I mean ‘he’ while if I was pointing at a woman you’d know that I meant ‘she.’ So knowing what we’ve learned so far, I’ll ask our listeners to play along. How would you ask “How is he?”
Adam: Great, and how would you say “He is great” or “He is very good”?
Adam: Hǎo . So let’s move along to the word for ‘thanks.’ How do you say ‘thanks’?
Kirin: Xièxie .
Adam: So that’s the same word said twice, both falling tones meaning ‘thanks.’
Kirin: Xièxie .
Adam: Now depending on where you are, you may hear the second word pronounced with a neutral tone giving us xièxie , rather than xièxiè . Additionally, you can also say a more polite xièxie nǐ to mean “thank you” rather than just xièxie meaning ‘thanks’. Hope you got all that!
Let’s end our show today by teaching how to say ‘goodbye.’ How do you say ‘goodbye,’ Kirin?
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
Adam: Again?
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
Adam: Alright so I’ll ask our listeners if they can figure out the tones on those two words. They are both…falling tones. The literal meaning for the two words is zài meaning ‘again’ and jiàn meaning ‘meet,’ so “again meet,” kind of like “See you again.”
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
Adam: Let’s wrap up with a review of all the vocabulary we’ve learned today. So we’ll start with ‘hello.’
Adam: How are you?
Adam: I’m great.
Adam: Thanks.
Kirin: Xièxie .
Adam: Goodbye.
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
Adam: Great, so that wraps up today’s lesson. I hope you learned something there. We’ll be back again next time with another lesson, so see you then!
Kirin: Zàijiàn .
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